Can a Family Visa or Parents Visa be applied for if the applicant is outside of the country?

Yes, for the initial "Entry Permit" stage. You can initiate the application through the DLD Cube or GDRFA portal while your family members are in their home country. The process is now split into two distinct phases:

Phase 1: Entry Permit (Applicant can be outside):
The sponsor (the property owner) applies for an Entry Permit for Residence. Once approved, an e-visa is issued and sent to the family member via email. This allows them to enter the UAE specifically to complete their residency process. The fee for applying while they are outside is approximately AED 365 (much lower than the "Change of Status" fee required if they were already inside on a tourist visa).

Phase 2: Residency Completion (Applicant must be inside):
Once the family member enters the UAE using that permit, they must remain in the country to complete the following:Medical Fitness Test (at a DHA center). Emirates ID Biometrics (at an ICP center).Visa Stamping/Electronic Grant.